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International Trade · India

India Free Trade Agreements: Tracker of Every Deal and Negotiation (2026)

19 October 2026 · ATB Legal · 21 min read

Short answer: India has 22 trade agreements in force at 15 October 2026 by this page’s count: 16 free trade agreements (FTAs), from the 1998 Sri Lanka FTA to the UK CETA in force since 15 July 2026, and 6 narrower preferential trade agreements (PTAs) [1][2][3][4]. The New Zealand FTA enters into force on 20 October 2026, the EU agreement is concluded but not signed, and talks with the United States have produced only a framework announced in February 2026, with no interim agreement signed [5][6][7][8]. A lower Indian tariff applies only if the goods meet that agreement’s rules of origin and the importer holds the origin information that section 28DA of the Customs Act 1962 requires, so check the agreement’s status first and its origin rule second [9].

Who this is for: general counsel, CFOs and trade-compliance or customs leads at UK, US and European groups that ship goods to or from India, and the advisers who brief them.

Last updated: 15 October 2026 (every row checked). Next scheduled change: 20 October 2026, New Zealand.

India’s free trade agreements in force: the list

How the count is made. In force: 16 FTAs and 6 PTAs; signed: 17 FTAs. The count starts from the Department of Commerce’s annexure of 14 FTAs and 6 PTAs given to the Lok Sabha on 18 March 2025 and adds the UK, Oman and New Zealand agreements signed since; the Thailand early-harvest scheme and the Nepal and Bhutan trade treaties count as FTAs because the Department lists them as such [1][10][11]. Government summaries of India’s trade deals use other bases, so their totals differ.

PartnerAgreementSignedIn forceLatest milestone
Sri LankaIndia–Sri Lanka FTA28 Dec 19981 Mar 2000Wider ETCA under discussion (see below) [1]
SAARC (7 other states)SAFTA4 Jan 20041 Jan 2006Tariff concessions from 1 Jul 2006 [1]
NepalTreaty of Trade27 Oct 2009In forceRenews for seven years at a time unless either side gives three months’ notice [1]
BhutanAgreement on Trade, Commerce and TransitRenewed 12 Nov 201629 Jul 2017, for 10 yearsTerm runs to July 2027 (10 years from 29 July 2017) [1]
ThailandEarly Harvest Scheme9 Oct 20031 Sep 2004Early-harvest lines only; the full FTA was never concluded [1][12]
SingaporeCECA29 Jun 20051 Aug 2005— [1]
ASEAN (10 states party)Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA); Services and Investment Agreements13 Aug 2009 (goods); Nov 20142010–2011 by country (goods); 1 Jul 2015Goods agreement under review (see below) [1]
South KoreaIndia–Korea CEPA7 Aug 20091 Jan 2010Upgrade under negotiation (see below) [1]
JapanIndia–Japan CEPA16 Feb 20111 Aug 2011— [1]
MalaysiaCECA18 Feb 20111 Jul 2011— [1]
MauritiusCECPA22 Feb 20211 Apr 2021— [1]
UAEIndia–UAE CEPA18 Feb 20221 May 2022— [1]
AustraliaECTA (interim)2 Apr 202229 Dec 2022Full CECA under negotiation (see below) [1]
EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland)TEPA10 Mar 20241 Oct 2025— [1][2]
United KingdomCETA (the UK–India CETA explained)24 Jul 202515 Jul 2026— [10][3][13]
OmanIndia–Oman CEPA18 Dec 20251 Jun 2026— [10][4][14]
New ZealandFTA27 Apr 2026Enters into force on 20 October 2026Ratification completed by both sides, 21 Sep 2026; CBIC origin rules notified 12 Oct 2026 [5][11][15]

Preferential trade agreements in force

Agreement (partners)SignedIn force
Asia Pacific Trade Agreement, APTA (Bangladesh, China, Korea, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Sri Lanka)Jul 1975; revised 2 Nov 20051 Nov 1976
Global System of Trade Preferences, GSTP (developing-country members)13 Apr 198819 Apr 1989
SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement, SAPTA11 Apr 19937 Dec 1995
India–Afghanistan PTA6 Mar 200313 May 2003
India–MERCOSUR PTA (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay)25 Jan 20041 Jun 2009
India–Chile PTA8 Mar 2006; expanded 6 Sep 201611 Sep 2007; expanded 16 May 2017

Source: [1].

Agreements concluded, under negotiation or under review

PartnerAgreementStatus at 15 Oct 2026Latest milestone
European UnionFTA (EU–India FTA: status, tariffs and next steps)Concluded 27 Jan 2026; not signedCommission proposed signature and conclusion to the Council, 11 Sep 2026 [16][6][17]
United StatesFramework for an Interim Agreement (what the India–US framework does and does not do)Framework only: deal announced 2 Feb 2026; joint statement 6 Feb 2026 (released 7 Feb in India); no interim agreement signedNo signature by 15 Oct 2026 [7][8]
CanadaCEPAUnder negotiation; terms of reference 2 Mar 20265th round, Ottawa, 5–9 Oct 2026; both sides aim to conclude by end-2026 [18][19]
ChileCEPA (to widen the PTA)Under negotiation; launched 1 Apr 2025Ministry “committed to concluding” the talks in 2026, 30 Aug 2026 [20][21]
ASEANAITIGA reviewUnder reviewMinisters reviewed progress, 22 Sep 2026; the Joint Committee aims at substantial conclusion in 2026 [22][23]
South KoreaCEPA upgradeUnder negotiation12th round concluded, New Delhi, May 2026 [24]
IsraelFTAUnder negotiation; terms of reference Nov 20252nd round, New Delhi, 20–23 Jul 2026 [25]
GCC (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE)FTALaunched 24 Feb 2026 (terms of reference 5 Feb 2026)Ministerial meeting, New York, Sep 2026, welcomed the launch; no negotiating round reported [26][27]
MaldivesFTAUnder negotiationFirst round opened 29 Jun 2026 [28]
PhilippinesPTATerms of reference exchanged, Aug 2025— [29]
Eurasian Economic UnionFTAUnder negotiation; terms of reference 20 Aug 20252nd round, Moscow, June 2026 (1st round from 26 Nov 2025, New Delhi) [30][31][32]
PeruFTAUnder negotiation9th round, Lima, Nov 2025 [33]
AustraliaCECA (beyond the ECTA)Under negotiation; relaunched Sep 202111th round concluded, New Delhi, 23 Aug 2025 [34][35]
Sri LankaETCAUnder discussionLeaders agreed to “continue discussions”, 16 Dec 2024 [36]
QatarCEPAPre-negotiationBoth sides agreed to finalise the terms of reference, Doha, 6 Oct 2025 [37]

Not tracked as negotiations: the BIMSTEC framework agreement, in force since 30 June 2004, under which no FTA has been concluded, and the 2003 India–Thailand framework beyond its early-harvest scheme [1][12]. Investment treaties are outside this tracker; the series article on India’s bilateral investment treaties is listed under Related reading.

How to read the tables

  • Signed is not in force. A preference can be claimed only once the agreement is in force and the Indian customs notifications giving its rates and origin rules apply at the date of import.
  • Dates come from the Department of Commerce for older agreements and from the partner government, the Press Information Bureau or All India Radio for newer ones. Where India and its partner date an event differently (the US framework), both dates are shown.
  • Latest milestone is the most recent dated event in an official or news-agency source by 15 October 2026; “—” means none found.
  • The Department of Commerce’s trade-agreements page holds the texts of most agreements (not yet the Oman and New Zealand texts at 15 October 2026) and groups them only as “already concluded” or “other agreements/negotiations”, without in-force dates: use it for texts, not status [38].

Which agreement applies to your shipment: what to check

If the goods originate inAgreement usable at 15 Oct 2026Check before pricing
The UKUK CETAProduct-specific rule; the exporter’s origin declaration (see the UK row)
An EU member stateNone yet: normal (MFN) dutyStaging category in India’s schedule; tariff-change clause in contracts
Switzerland, Norway, Iceland or LiechtensteinEFTA TEPATEPA origin rule for the product; inputs from outside EFTA and India
The United StatesNone: normal (MFN) dutyA signed agreement and an Indian customs notification, neither of which exists yet
Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Nepal or BhutanTwo or more (for example Singapore: CECA and AITIGA; Korea: CEPA and APTA; Sri Lanka: its FTA and SAFTA)Rate and origin rule under each; claim under one and hold its evidence
The UAE or OmanUAE CEPA or Oman CEPAProduction or sufficient processing there; routing through a Gulf port does not confer origin
New ZealandFTA, from 20 Oct 2026Import date; the CBIC origin rules (Notification No. 82/2026-Customs (N.T.)) and the concessional-rate notification
Japan, Mauritius, Australia or another ASEAN stateThe bilateral agreement, or AITIGA for ASEANWhether the tariff line has a concession; the origin rule
India (exports)The partner’s concessionsCertificate of origin from DGFT’s platform, or an exporter declaration where the agreement uses one

Worked example (illustrative): one component, three countries of origin

Hypothetical. An Indian manufacturer imports a machine component with an assessable value of INR 9,600,000 (USD 100,000) (rounded exchange rates, October 2026). Its supplier can ship it from plants in Germany, Switzerland or Japan. The tariff rates are assumptions, not the rates for any actual tariff line: normal (MFN) basic customs duty (BCD) of 10%, a staged TEPA rate of 5%, a CEPA rate of 0% and IGST of 18%. The Social Welfare Surcharge (SWS) is 10% of the section 12 customs duties (here, of BCD), and IGST is charged on the value plus customs duties [39][40].

INRGermany: MFN (EU FTA not in force)Switzerland: TEPA at 5%Japan: CEPA at 0%
BCD10% × 9,600,000 = 960,0005% × 9,600,000 = 480,0000
SWS (10% of BCD)96,00048,0000
Customs duty (a cost)1,056,000528,0000
IGST at 18% of value plus duty18% × 10,656,000 = 1,918,08018% × 10,128,000 = 1,823,04018% × 9,600,000 = 1,728,000
Paid at the border2,974,0802,351,0401,728,000

Shipping from Japan saves INR 1,056,000 (USD 11,000) of customs duty against Germany; Switzerland saves INR 528,000 (USD 5,500). The IGST difference is usually creditable for a GST-registered importer, so it affects cash flow, not cost. Three points follow. Origin depends on where the goods are made, not on the supplier’s nationality. The German shipment pays MFN duty until the EU agreement enters into force, and then the rate for its staging year. If the Japanese claim later fails origin verification, customs can deny the preference and recover the INR 1,056,000 of duty, plus the IGST on it (INR 190,080) and interest, from the importer [9][41]. For the duty build-up line by line, see how Indian import duty is calculated.

How to claim preference on imports into India

  1. Confirm the agreement applies on the import date and that the eight-digit tariff line has a concession; note the staging year.
  2. Test origin against the product-specific rule and collect the evidence: bills of materials, cost data and supplier declarations.
  3. Claim on the Bill of Entry with the proof of origin the agreement requires (under the UK CETA, an origin declaration by the UK exporter or producer instead of a certificate), giving the origin details CAROTAR 2020 requires [42][9].
  4. Hold the origin information. Section 28DA requires the importer to possess sufficient information on how the origin criteria are met; under CAROTAR 2020 (Notification No. 81/2020-Customs (N.T.), in force 21 September 2020), “mere submission of a certificate of origin shall not absolve the importer” of reasonable care [9].
  5. Answer customs first. Where origin is doubted, customs asks the importer for information before seeking verification from the partner country [9].
  6. On exports from India, obtain preferential certificates of origin from the designated agencies through DGFT’s common digital platform, “single point access for certificates of origin for all FTAs/PTAs” [43]. The EU agreement’s provisional text makes the exporter’s statement on origin the main proof, with certificates issued by authorities as a fallback until each side’s authentication system is running (Article 3.17) [44].

When this page changes

The status tables, the “Last updated” line and the page date change at each of these events, and every row is re-checked monthly:

  1. Entry into force, with the Indian customs notifications that give effect to it.
  2. Signature or conclusion of an agreement, including any India–US interim agreement and the EU agreement.
  3. Ratification steps, such as the EU Council decision and European Parliament consent [6].
  4. Launches, rounds, pauses and terminations of negotiations.
  5. Reviews, renewals and expiry, such as the Bhutan agreement’s 10-year term and the Nepal treaty’s seven-year renewals.

Update log: 15 October 2026: every row checked.

Risks and common mistakes, ranked

  1. Claiming on signature, not entry into force: New Zealand goods before 20 October 2026, or EU goods now.
  2. Treating the US framework as an agreement: no Indian preference applies to US goods.
  3. Going by the supplier’s nationality, not the goods’ origin.
  4. Relying on a certificate of origin alone under CAROTAR.
  5. Ignoring overlapping agreements and claiming under the less favourable one.
  6. Working from an undated list: the government’s text archive is not a status tracker.

Checklist to forward internally

  • ☐ Top HS lines to and from India, with the country of origin of each
  • ☐ Agreement(s) in force for each origin at the import date
  • ☐ Concessional rate and staging year for each line, against the MFN rate
  • ☐ Product-specific origin rule met; supplier declarations on file
  • ☐ CAROTAR origin file held by the importer of record
  • ☐ Exports: DGFT certificate of origin or exporter declaration
  • ☐ Contracts: tariff-change and origin-evidence clauses
  • ☐ If also investing in India: entry route checked (see FDI in India: rules, routes and approvals (2026))
  • ☐ Diary: 20 October 2026 (New Zealand); EU signature; any US agreement

For the commercial decision — export, assemble or manufacture in India — see India Manufacturing Entry for Foreign Companies: Entity, Incentives and Supply-Chain Structuring (ATB Corporate).

About ATB Legal

ATB Legal is a law firm advising on Indian and UAE law. Its work covers corporate and commercial matters, foreign investment and exchange control, mergers and acquisitions, international trade and customs, and dispute resolution, including arbitration. Contact details.

This article is general information, not legal advice, and is not a solicitation of work. Under the Bar Council of India rules, Indian advocates may not advertise or solicit work.

FAQ

How many free trade agreements does India have? India has 16 free trade agreements in force at 15 October 2026, rising to 17 when the New Zealand FTA enters into force on 20 October 2026, plus 6 preferential trade agreements. The count takes the Department of Commerce’s March 2025 list and adds the UK, Oman and New Zealand agreements signed since, so 17 FTAs have been signed; the EU agreement (concluded, not signed) and the US framework are not counted [1][10][5].

Which countries have a free trade agreement in force with India? The countries with a free trade agreement in force with India at 15 October 2026 are the ten ASEAN states party to the ASEAN–India agreements (Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand also have bilateral agreements), the seven other SAARC states through SAFTA (Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan also have bilateral ones), South Korea, Japan, Mauritius, the UAE, Australia, the four EFTA states, the United Kingdom and Oman. New Zealand joins on 20 October 2026 [1][2][3][4][5].

Is the India–New Zealand FTA in force? The India–New Zealand FTA enters into force on 20 October 2026, after both countries completed ratification on 21 September 2026; it was signed in New Delhi on 27 April 2026 [5][11]. Preference on New Zealand goods can be claimed in India only from that date, under the origin rules CBIC notified on 12 October 2026 [15].

Is the India–Oman CEPA in force? Yes, the India–Oman CEPA has been in force since 1 June 2026, after signature on 18 December 2025 [10][4]. Oman gives duty-free access on 98% of its tariff lines, covering 99.38% of India’s exports to Oman [14].

When did the India–EFTA TEPA come into force? The India–EFTA TEPA came into force on 1 October 2025 for Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland, having been signed on 10 March 2024 [1][2]. Goods originating in those four countries can claim its concessions in India; goods made in EU member states cannot, because the EU agreement is not yet in force [6].

Which trade agreements is India negotiating in 2026? In 2026 India is negotiating with Canada, Chile, Israel, the Gulf Cooperation Council, the Maldives, the Eurasian Economic Union, Peru and Australia (a CECA beyond the 2022 ECTA), is reviewing its goods agreement with ASEAN, upgrading its CEPA with South Korea and discussing an ETCA with Sri Lanka, and has exchanged terms of reference with the Philippines [18][20][25][26][28][32][33][35][23][24][36][29]. Canada and Chile both aim to conclude in 2026; the EU agreement awaits signature, and the US framework has not become a signed agreement [19][21][6][8].

Is a certificate of origin enough to claim an FTA rate in India? No, a certificate of origin alone is not enough to claim an FTA rate in India: under section 28DA of the Customs Act 1962 and CAROTAR 2020, the importer must itself possess sufficient information on how the goods meet the origin criteria and exercise reasonable care, and customs can ask for that information before querying the partner country [9]. Where an agreement uses an exporter’s origin declaration instead of a certificate, as the UK CETA does, the importer’s duty is the same [42].

Related reading

Sources

  1. Department of Commerce, Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2812, “Status of trade agreements”, answer with annexures listing 14 FTAs and 6 PTAs and their dates of signing and implementation (18 March 2025) — https://www.commerce.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/LS-USQ-No.2812-dated.-18.03.2025.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)
  2. EFTA, “EFTA–India Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement enters into force” (joint communiqué) (1 October 2025) — https://www.efta.int/media-resources/news/efta-india-trade-and-economic-partnership-agreement-enters-force-joint (accessed 15 October 2026)
  3. Press Information Bureau, “India and the United Kingdom Unleash a Next Generation Economic Corridor: CETA and Agreement on Social Security Contributions Set to Enter into Force on 15th July 2026” (CETA “will enter into force on 15th July 2026”; signed 24 July 2025) (17 June 2026) — https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2274280 (accessed 15 October 2026)
  4. All India Radio News, “CEPA gives duty free access to Indian exporters on 98% of Oman’s tariff lines: Union Minister Piyush Goyal” (India–Oman CEPA “has come into force from today”) (1 June 2026) — https://newsonair.gov.in/india-oman-comprehensive-economic-partnership-agreement-comes-into-force/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  5. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “NZ–India Free Trade Agreement” (both countries have ratified, “paving the way for entry into force on 20 October 2026”) — https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/free-trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements-concluded-but-not-in-force/new-zealand-india-free-trade-agreement (accessed 15 October 2026)
  6. European Commission, “EU–India trade agreement” (concluded January 2026; proposals for signature sent to the Council in September 2026; remaining steps) (updated 11 September 2026) — https://commission.europa.eu/topics/trade/eu-india-trade-agreement_en (accessed 15 October 2026)
  7. The White House, “United States–India Joint Statement” (framework for an Interim Agreement) (6 February 2026) — https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2026/02/united-states-india-joint-statement/ ; official copy: US Government Publishing Office, Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents DCPD-202600084 — https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/DCPD-202600084/html/DCPD-202600084.htm (accessed 15 October 2026)
  8. Department of Commerce, Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3943, “Indo-US trade deal” (“India and the United States announced a trade deal on 2nd February 2026. A Joint Statement for the same was released on February 07 2026”; Oman CEPA signed 18 December 2025 and under ratification; New Zealand FTA announced 22 December 2025; EU FTA 27 January 2026) (17 March 2026) — https://www.commerce.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LSUSQ3943-2.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)
  9. Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House (CBIC), Public Notice No. 114/2020 on the Customs (Administration of Rules of Origin under Trade Agreements) Rules 2020, Notification No. 81/2020-Customs (N.T.) of 21 August 2020, in force 21 September 2020, and section 28DA of the Customs Act 1962 (2020) — https://www.jawaharcustoms.gov.in/pdf/PN-2020/PN-114-2020.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)
  10. Department of Commerce, Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 889, “FTA to maintain supply chain” (UK CETA signed 24 July 2025; Oman CEPA signed 18 December 2025) (6 February 2026) — https://www.commerce.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/USQ-889.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)
  11. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “NZ–India FTA: timeline of negotiations” (launch 17 March 2025; conclusion 22 December 2025; signed in New Delhi 27 April 2026; ratification completed 21 September 2026; entry into force 20 October 2026) — https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/free-trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements-under-negotiation/new-zealand-india-free-trade-agreement/timeline-of-negotiations (accessed 15 October 2026)
  12. UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub, “India: international investment agreements” (treaties with investment provisions: BIMSTEC Framework Agreement, in force 30 June 2004; India–Thailand Framework Agreement 2003, signed, not in force) — https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/countries/96/india (accessed 15 October 2026)
  13. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, “India–UK CETA comes into effect” (backgrounder) (15 July 2026) — https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2026/jul/doc2026715921801.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)
  14. Press Information Bureau, Piyush Goyal, “India Opens a New Gulf Gateway for workers, farmers, MSMEs” (blog: the India–Oman agreement “comes into force from June 1”; duty-free access on 98% of Oman’s tariff lines covering 99.38% of exports) (2 June 2026) — https://www.pib.gov.in/blogs/blogsdescr.aspx?feaaid=518 (accessed 15 October 2026)
  15. United News of India, CBIC Notification No. 82/2026-Customs (N.T.) of 12 October 2026 notifying the Customs Tariff (Determination of Origin of Goods under the Free Trade Agreement between India and New Zealand) Rules 2026, for the FTA coming into force on 20 October (13 October 2026) — https://www.uniindia.com/business-economy/admin-fta-rollout-cbic/211981 ; notification text (G.S.R. 878(E)) read on the CBIC tax information portal, taxinformation.cbic.gov.in (accessed 15 October 2026)
  16. Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1716, answered 10 February 2026 (India–EU FTA negotiations concluded on 27 January 2026 at the 16th India–EU Summit) (10 February 2026) — https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/3021885/1/AU1716_rwS2ni.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)
  17. All India Radio News, “India, EU move closer to FTA as European Commission submits formal proposal” (11 September 2026) — https://newsonair.gov.in/india-eu-move-closer-to-fta-as-european-commission-submits-formal-proposal/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  18. All India Radio News, “India and Canada launch negotiations for Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement” (terms of reference signed in New Delhi) (2 March 2026) — https://newsonair.gov.in/india-and-canada-launch-negotiations-for-comprehensive-economic-partnership-agreement/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  19. All India Radio News, “India, Canada to start 5th round of negotiations for their proposed Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement today” (Ottawa, 5–9 October 2026; aim to conclude by the end of 2026) (5 October 2026) — https://newsonair.gov.in/india-canada-to-start-5th-round-of-negotiations-for-their-proposed-comprehensive-economic-partnership-agreement-today/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  20. Prime Minister’s Office, India–Chile Joint Statement (signing of the terms of reference and launch of CEPA negotiations) (1 April 2025) — https://pmindia.gov.in/?p=16585299 (accessed 15 October 2026)
  21. All India Radio News, “Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal holds meeting with Chilean Vice Minister Paula Estevez Weinstein” (“India remains committed to concluding the CEPA negotiations within this year”) (30 August 2026) — https://newsonair.gov.in/commerce-secretary-rajesh-agrawal-holds-meeting-with-chilean-vice-minister-paula-estevez-weinstein/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  22. Ministry of Industry and Trade of Viet Nam, “AITIGA JC 12: promoting review and upgrade of the ASEAN–India Trade in Goods Agreement, aiming for the substantial conclusion of negotiations in 2026” (31 March 2026) — https://moit.gov.vn/en/news/aitiga-jc-12-promoting-review-and-upgrade-of-the-asean-india-trade-in-goods-agreement-aiming-for-the-substantial-conclus.html (accessed 15 October 2026)
  23. ASEAN Secretariat, “Secretary-General of ASEAN participates in the 23rd AEM-India Consultation” (review of AITIGA: progress discussed; “timely and successful conclusion”) (22 September 2026) — https://asean.org/?p=254471 (accessed 15 October 2026)
  24. All India Radio News, “12th round of India–Korea CEPA upgrade negotiations concludes in New Delhi” (28 May 2026) — https://newsonair.gov.in/12th-round-of-india-korea-cepa-upgrade-negotiations-concludes-in-new-delhi/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  25. All India Radio News, “India, Israel sign Terms of Reference to initiate negotiations for Free Trade Agreement” (21 November 2025) — https://www.newsonair.gov.in/india-israel-sign-terms-of-reference-to-initiate-negotiations-for-free-trade-agreement ; All India Radio News, “India, Israel conclude second round of Free Trade Agreement negotiations” (25 July 2026) — https://newsonair.gov.in/india-israel-conclude-second-round-of-free-trade-agreement-negotiations/ (both accessed 15 October 2026)
  26. GCC General Secretariat, “Launch of Free Trade Agreement Negotiations Between the GCC and India, and Signing of the Joint Statement” (terms of reference signed 5 February 2026) (24 February 2026) — https://www.gcc-sg.org/en/MediaCenter/News/Pages/news-2026-2-24-5.aspx (accessed 15 October 2026)
  27. All India Radio News, “India, GCC review progress under Joint Action Plan 2024–28” (India–GCC Troika Ministerial Meeting, New York, on the sidelines of the 81st UN General Assembly; welcomed “the launch of negotiations for the India-GCC Free Trade Agreement”) (26 September 2026) — https://newsonair.gov.in/india-gcc-review-progress-under-joint-action-plan-2024-28/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  28. Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, Maldives, “Official Negotiations Commence for a Free Trade Agreement Between India and the Maldives” (first round “commenced on June 29, 2026”) (1 July 2026) — https://trade.gov.mv/?p=27093 (accessed 15 October 2026)
  29. All India Radio News, “India and Philippines agree to elevate bilateral ties to strategic partnership” (terms of reference on negotiations for the India–Philippines preferential trade agreement exchanged) (5 August 2025) — https://www.newsonair.gov.in/india-and-philippines-agree-to-elevate-bilateral-ties-to-strategic-partnership (accessed 15 October 2026)
  30. Press Information Bureau (Department of Commerce copy), “India and Eurasian Economic Union sign Terms of Reference to launch FTA negotiations” (20 August 2025) — https://www.commerce.gov.in/files/d-m-y/PIB2158480.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)
  31. All India Radio News, “India to begin formal FTA negotiations with Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union” (talks begin in New Delhi) (26 November 2025) — https://www.newsonair.gov.in/india-to-begin-formal-fta-negotiations-with-russia-led-eurasian-economic-union (accessed 15 October 2026)
  32. Interfax, Russian Economic Development Ministry on “the second round of negotiations on concluding a free trade agreement (FTA) with India held in Moscow this week” (26 June 2026) — https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/118235/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  33. Andina (Peruvian state news agency), “Peru and India conclude ninth negotiations round toward trade agreement” (Lima) (6 November 2025) — https://andina.pe/ingles/noticia-peru-and-india-conclude-ninth-negotiations-round-toward-trade-agreement-1050994.aspx (accessed 15 October 2026)
  34. Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “Australia–India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement” (launched May 2011, suspended 2016, relaunched September 2021; negotiations ongoing) — https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/negotiations/aifta/australia-india-comprehensive-economic-cooperation-agreement (accessed 15 October 2026)
  35. All India Radio News, “India, Australia reaffirm commitment to advance CECA in 11th round of talks” (round concluded in New Delhi) (23 August 2025) — https://www.newsonair.gov.in/india-australia-reaffirm-commitment-to-advance-ceca-in-11th-round-of-talks (accessed 15 October 2026)
  36. Prime Minister’s Office, “India – Sri Lanka Joint Statement: Fostering Partnerships for a Shared Future” (“Continue discussions on the Economic & Technological Cooperation Agreement”) (16 December 2024) — https://pmindia.gov.in/?p=16522639 (accessed 15 October 2026)
  37. Department of Commerce, Protocol of the 5th Meeting of the India–Qatar Ministerial Joint Commission on Economic and Commercial Cooperation, Doha (6 October 2025) — https://www.commerce.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Qatar-1st-JC-Agreed-Protocol-1-1.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)
  38. Department of Commerce, “Trade agreements” (texts of India’s trade agreements) — https://commerce.gov.in/international-trade/trade-agreements/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  39. Finance Act 2018, section 110 (Social Welfare Surcharge at 10% of the aggregate of duties, taxes and cesses levied under section 12 of the Customs Act, excluding safeguard, countervailing and anti-dumping duty), Income Tax Department — https://incometaxindia.gov.in/Acts/Finance%20Acts/2018/102120000000072059.htm (accessed 15 October 2026)
  40. Customs Tariff Act 1975, section 3(7)–(8) (integrated tax on imports, charged on the customs value plus customs duties), India Code (Act page with full text) — https://indiacode.gov.in/handle/123456789/496302 (accessed 15 October 2026)
  41. Customs Act 1962, section 28AA (interest on delayed payment of duty) and section 28DA, India Code — https://indiacode.gov.in/handle/123456789/496309 (accessed 15 October 2026)
  42. Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, Circular No. 33/2026-Customs, “Implementation of self-certification of Origin Declarations under the India–UK CETA” (13 July 2026), with Notification No. 62/2026-Customs (N.T.) (3 July 2026), as circulated to exporters by the Plastics Export Promotion Council (Ministry of Commerce and Industry), Circular Plex/Cir/310 (17 July 2026) — https://plexconcil.org/public/custom/files/circulars/1784527196.pdf ; circular text read on the CBIC tax information portal, taxinformation.cbic.gov.in (accessed 15 October 2026)
  43. Directorate General of Foreign Trade, Common Digital Platform for Certificates of Origin (“single point access for certificates of origin for all FTAs/PTAs for all agencies and all products”) — https://coo.dgft.gov.in/ (accessed 15 October 2026)
  44. Department of Commerce, India–EU Free Trade Agreement, Chapter 3 “Rules of Origin” (provisional text, subject to legal revision), Article 3.17 (February 2026) — https://www.commerce.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/3.-Chapter-3-Rules-of-Origin.pdf (accessed 15 October 2026)

Disclaimer: This page is general information as at 15 October 2026, not legal, tax or customs advice. Agreement status, tariff schedules and origin rules change; check the agreement text, the Indian customs notification in force at the date of import and current law before acting.

Part of ATB Legal’s International Trade practice.