The global push towards decarbonization is unlocking new frontiers in clean energy, and India is poised to be a major player in this transition. Among Indian states, Karnataka is steadily carving a niche for itself in the green hydrogen economy. With its robust renewable energy capacity and forward-looking policies, the state is emerging as a...
Karnataka has emerged as one of India’s most attractive destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI), driven not only by its established reputation as the country’s tech hub but also by the state government’s proactive and investor-friendly policies. Among these, the Karnataka Industrial Policy 2020–25 has become a key enabler for facilitating and attracting FDI in...
In the world of startup financing, especially during early-stage fundraising, convertible instruments like convertible notes and Simple Agreements for Future Equity (SAFEs) are increasingly favored over traditional equity rounds. These instruments offer flexibility and speed, but their mechanics, particularly valuation caps and discounts are often misunderstood. This article demystifies how these terms operate and why...
Startups in the UAE are rapidly emerging as key players in the region’s innovation-driven economy. To sustain early-stage growth, founders often turn to equity financing by raising capital in exchange for ownership in the company. Among the most common forms are seed funding and series rounds (Series A, B, etc.). While these terms are widely...
As the UAE strengthens its position as a regional startup hub, convertible notes have become a widely used tool for early-stage fundraising. Their flexible structure and ease of execution make them an attractive alternative to traditional equity financing for both investors and entrepreneurs. However, despite their growing popularity, convertible notes carry legal complexities that require...
Introduction Early-stage fundraising is a critical milestone for startups, and selecting the right investment instrument can significantly impact a company’s legal structure and future financing rounds. One such instrument gaining popularity among startups and investors is the Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”). Originally developed in Silicon Valley, the SAFE is now commonly used in...
Early-stage fundraising is one of the most critical junctures for a startup’s long-term viability. From a legal standpoint, the structure of the investment can directly influence ownership rights, regulatory compliance, investor protections, and the future fundraising strategy of the company. The most common investment instruments used at this stage are Simple Agreements for Future Equity...
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) remains a premier jurisdiction for foreign investment and business incorporation. As regulatory frameworks continue to evolve, particularly with the implementation of the federal corporate tax regime and amendments to the Commercial Companies Law, investors must carefully evaluate the appropriate legal structure for their businesses. One of the most fundamental decisions...
The India–United Arab Emirates Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (“India-UAE CEPA”), which came into force on May 1, 2022, marks a pivotal milestone in the bilateral trade relations between the two nations. As India’s first CEPA with a major Middle Eastern partner, the agreement aims to deepen economic cooperation by reducing or eliminating tariffs, enhancing customs...
Over the past two decades, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has emerged as a leading financial hub in the Middle East, attracting investors and companies from across the globe. In line with this evolution, the UAE has significantly strengthened its legal infrastructure governing corporate governance, capital markets, and investor protections. One of the most important...
